What type of drugs are classified as central nervous system depressants?

Central nervous system depressants, also known as sedative-hypnotics, are substances that reduce brain activity and can lead to sedation, relaxation, and decreased anxiety. These drugs work by enhancing the effect of a neurotransmitter called gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain, which slows down neural activity.

Examples of central nervous system depressants include benzodiazepines (like diazepam and alprazolam), barbiturates, and alcohol. When consumed, they can result in a range of effects from heightened relaxation and calmness to impaired motor skills and memory, and in high doses, they can lead to respiratory depression and unconsciousness.

Understanding this classification is crucial in the field of addiction counseling because clients may seek help due to misuse or dependence on these substances, making it essential for counselors to recognize their effects and potential consequences on an individual's mental and physical health.