What is the term used to describe an amnesia-like state associated with excessive alcohol intake?

The term "blackout" specifically refers to an amnesia-like state that can occur as a result of excessive alcohol consumption. During a blackout, an individual may consume alcohol to a point where they are unable to form new memories, even though they might appear to be functioning normally and may engage in conversations or activities. This condition arises from the impact of alcohol on the brain's ability to consolidate memories, particularly affecting the hippocampus, which is crucial for memory formation.

In contrast, fainting is typically a temporary loss of consciousness due to insufficient blood flow to the brain and is not specifically linked to alcohol consumption. A coma indicates a deep state of prolonged unconsciousness that can be caused by various medical conditions and is more severe than the temporary loss of memory seen in blackouts. Delirium is characterized by confusion, disorientation, and changes in cognitive function, often occurring in the context of withdrawal from substances or severe medical conditions, rather than being a direct result of alcohol-induced memory impairment like a blackout.

Thus, "blackout" accurately defines the memory disruption linked to heavy drinking, distinguishing it from other states of altered consciousness or cognitive dysfunction.